Until 1917, Russian was the only official language of Russia, but during the Soviet union of socialist republics, each member republic had its own official language, and Russian became the language of Russia as a whole. After the upheavals in eastern Europe in 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet union in 1991, independent countries had reversed the dominance of Russian by encouraging their own mother tongues, but its role as a communicator between most of eastern Europe and central Asia remained unchanged.

      Latvia has more than a third of its russian-speaking population, mainly from immigrants from pre-world war ii Russia and the Soviet union. The use of Russian in the classroom is still debated. In Estonia, soviet-era immigrants and their descendants make up about a quarter of the country's current population.

      In Lithuania, the russian-speaking population represents less than one tenth of the total population of the country. However, about 80 per cent of the population of the Baltic states can speak basic Russian. Finland, once part of Russia, still has several russian-speaking communities.

      In the 20th century, Russian was widely used in schools belonging to the Warsaw pact, including Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Albania. However, the younger generation is usually not fluent because Russian is no longer used in school. In addition, due to the influence of the Soviet union, some Asian countries, such as Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Mongolia, still teach Russian. In several Afghan tribes, Russian is still used as a lingua franca.

      Norwegian Russian is a mixture of Russian and Norwegian.

      In Israel, at least 750,000 Soviet jewish immigrants use Russian (1999 census). Russian is also frequently used in Israeli news, websites and publications.

      In North America, there are russian-speaking communities, especially in urban areas of the United States and Canada such as New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Toronto, Miami, Chicago, and suburban Richmond heights in Cleveland. The russian-speaking population of New York and Los Angeles is estimated at 500,000. Live in Russian areas (especially immigration since the 1960s).

      According to the 2000 population survey of the United States, Russian is spoken by 1.50% of the population in the United States, or about 4.2 million people, ranking tenth in the American language.

      From the beginning of the 20th century, there were also a few russian-speaking immigrants in Europe. In Germany (the former German nation was exiled by the Soviet union to Siberia immigrants), Britain, Spain, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece and Turkey and other countries. But they almost gave up Russian because they had to pass an immigrant country language test to integrate. [

      In China, due to the cold war in the former Soviet union, Russian was widely used as the first foreign language for many people to learn. At present, Russian speakers in China are mainly distributed in yili, tacheng and altay regions of xinjiang uygur autonomous region, as well as manzhouli and erguna of hulunbuir city of Inner Mongolia autonomous region and other places where russians gather, and use Russian.

      Russian is spoken as a mother tongue by more than 140 million people worldwide and as a second language by nearly 45 million.

      Russian is the official language of Russia and the "transdniester river republic", "south ossetia" and "abkhazia" which are not recognized internationally.

      Russian in Russia (78%), in addition to ethnic russians in belarus accounted for 10%, 22%, in kazakhstan in Ukraine accounted for 17%, 7.8% in kyrgyzstan, 6% in moldova, in azerbaijan accounted for 2%, 1.5% in Georgia, in Armenia, and tajikistan accounted for less than 1%, but teaching students in Russian in Russia accounted for 97%, 75% in belarus, in kazakhstan accounted for 41%, 25% in Ukraine, in kyrgyzstan accounted for 21%, 7% in moldova, in azerbaijan accounted for 7%, 5% in Georgia, In Armenia and tajikistan it is 2%.

      Russian has a wide vocabulary, with the oldest words inherited from the original indo-european language. Words produced during the period of primitive Slavic and east Slavic languages; A word produced since the independent development of Russian in the 14th century. In addition, Russian has borrowed many foreign words in various historical periods. Russian science and technology in the field of loanwords, in the early 18th century to borrow more from German, the 19th century to borrow more from French, after the mid-20th century to borrow more from English, mainly American English. Since the 1950s, the international use of Russian has expanded significantly, due to Soviet relations.

      Finance and finance are products of modern economy. In ancient times, it was mainly agriculture and agricultural economy, mainly barter and simple currency circulation. There was no finance or finance at all. For example, in China, some financial theories are scattered in various classics on the issue of "wealth and goods". As an independent discipline, it was first formed in the west, called "money and banking". Finance in modern China is introduced from the west, and there are various schools of money bank theories from classical economics to modern economics.

      After the late 1950s, the name "monetary credit science" was gradually widely adopted. At that time, began to pay attention to the social system of socialism and capitalism two kinds of comprehensive analysis on the financial problems, and puts forward some theory combined with China's actual problems were discussed, such as: the nature of the problem, the law of currency issue, the role of socialist bank problem, fiscal revenue and expenditure, credit balance and material supply and demand balance, and so on. Overall, however, finance was not taken seriously during this period.

      Since the end of 1970s, the construction of finance in China has entered a new stage. On the one hand, it restudies and clarifies marxist financial theories in combination with the reality; on the other hand, it has reversed the tendency of completely rejecting western contemporary finance and carried out research and evaluation on them. At the same time, with the increasing role of financial activities in economic life, the discipline of finance has been widely valued. This creates favorable conditions for the rapid development of finance with the background of China's reality.

      The content of finance research is extremely rich. It is not only limited to the research of financial theory, but also includes the history of finance, the history of financial theory, the contemporary eastern and western financial theories, as well as the separate and comparative studies of financial systems and policies of various countries. Trust, insurance and other theories are also within the scope of finance research.

      The main research topics in financial theory are: the essence, function of money and its status and role in economy; The form of credit, the functions of Banks and their status and role in the economy; The nature and function of interest; The characteristics and rules of money circulation organized on the basis of modern bank credit; The theory of macroeconomic control over economic life through money and so on.

      Accounting major belongs to the business administration discipline, is a strong application of the professional. This major has three professional directions: enterprise accounting, international accounting and certified public accountant. Major in enterprise accounting, computer and financial management. In terms of teaching methods, it emphasizes the teaching mode combining theory and practice, advocates heuristic teaching and case teaching, and cultivates students' operational ability and innovative ability in handling accounting business and managing finance from multiple aspects.

      Accounting major in accounting, auditing, financial management on the basis of the basic theories of applied disciplines, with the basic theory of economics, management and knowledge as the foundation, mainly study the basic theory and basic skills of financial accounting, capital operation, assets restructuring, merger aspects of professional knowledge and international accounting practices, at the same time pay attention to cultivate students' practice ability, focuses on the practice, through the accounting manual Chambers and computerized accounting lab, basic training can cultivate students ability to analyze and solve practical problems of accounting basic and comprehensive ability, At the same time, it also focuses on strengthening students' knowledge of financial management, auditing, economic law and tax law, so as to lay a solid professional foundation for students to take the CPA examination in the future.

      This major aims to cultivate senior professionals of business administration who have the knowledge and ability of management, economy, law and accounting, and who can be engaged in accounting practice, teaching and scientific research in enterprises, institutions and government departments.

      Business training requirements: students of this major mainly learn basic theories and knowledge of accounting, auditing and business administration, receive basic training in accounting methods and skills, and have the basic ability to analyze and solve accounting problems.

      Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and abilities:

      1. Master the basic theory and knowledge of management, economics and accounting

      2. Master the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of accounting

      3. Strong language and verbal expression, interpersonal communication, information acquisition ability and basic ability to analyze and solve accounting problems

      4. Familiar with accounting related policies, policies and regulations at home and abroad and international accounting practices

      5. Understand the theoretical frontier and development trends of the discipline

      6. Master the basic methods of literature retrieval and data query, and have certain scientific research and practical working ability.

      Economics is a social science that studies how limited resources are allocated in society to ensure optimal economic development. Economic research aims to find out the objective laws of economic development so as to take corresponding measures to stimulate or maintain economic growth and avoid economic recession. It plays an important role in understanding and guiding the reform and development of China's economy, and it is also of great guiding significance for people to make rational decisions in their daily work and life. As a basic discipline in social science, economics plays an important role in promoting the development of other disciplines in social science, especially accounting, sociology and political science. The research and application foreground of economics is very broad.

      This major for information and communication industry, pay attention to training with solid foundation knowledge of economics and finance, financial, communications, network and knowledge, innovative consciousness and practical ability, economic have qualified professionals should have comprehensive quality and basic skills, can in information communication industry and enterprises and institutions and government departments engaged in the management of finance, financial, professional personnel decision analysis and so on economic work. Graduates are mainly employed by telecom operators such as China mobile, China telecom and China unicom, telecom equipment suppliers such as huawei and zte, and financial institutions such as postal savings bank, mainly engaged in financial work and market research, development and promotion.

      Students of this major will further their study in western economics, finance, finance, quantitative economics, national economics, industrial economics and other fields. In recent years, outstanding graduates have been admitted by Peking University, nanjing university, zhejiang university, Johns Hopkins university, Paris university and other famous universities at home and abroad.